Germany's Political Crisis: Merz Faces AfD Surge

Friedrich Merz, who took office as Chancellor of Germany in May 2025, is confronting a severe political crisis marked by historically low approval ratings and the rise of the far-right party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). The AfD has surged to first place in national polls, with support climbing to 27-29% and reaching 39% in eastern Germany.

This political shift is occurring against a backdrop of declining industrial performance, with German industrial production peaking in 2018 and experiencing a significant downturn since then. Unemployment reached 3.02 million in August 2025, the highest figure in a decade, while exports have declined for three consecutive years, leading to a budget deficit of 107 billion euros.

The crisis is exacerbated by Germany's reliance on Russian gas, which has become increasingly precarious due to geopolitical tensions. The AfD's appeal lies in its promise to alter energy policies and re-establish ties with Russia, resonating with voters anxious about the current economic situation.