Nigeria's BOP Surplus Drops to $4.23 Billion in 2025

According to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Nigeria's balance of payment (BOP) surplus fell to $4.23 billion in 2025, a decrease from the $6.83 billion recorded in 2024. The latest figures indicate a mixed performance across the current account and financial account, with improvements in export composition but rising external obligations.

The BOP statistics for 2025 highlight a post-surplus of $14.51 billion compared to $13.17 billion in 2024, indicating a stronger trade balance driven by refined exports. However, the overall position of Nigeria's balance of payment has fluctuated in recent years due to global oil price movements, exchange rate reforms, and structural adjustments in the domestic economy.

The net error and omissions position was negative $15.73 billion in 2025, compared to negative $9.38 billion in 2024, reflecting persistent statistical discrepancies in external transactions. Nigeria recorded a surplus of $5.81 billion in Q2 2025, lower than the $5.78 billion surplus in Q3 2024, despite stronger earnings from the oil sector.